You will discover that literacy is about more than just learning to read. As you read the information below, you will find out how to lay the foundation for language and literacy by talking with children; reading aloud; encouraging storytelling; creating opportunities for self-expression, vocabulary development, writing, and using Sesame Workshop's television programs and online resources. How Do Children Develop Language and Literacy Skills? From the moment they are born, children are always learning, which is why parents and caregivers play such an important role as children's first teachers. Of course, all children develop at their own unique pace, but there are common patterns. The following descriptions offer a general idea of the key ways children move from language to literacy. Babies learn mostly through their physical senses--by being able to touch the things they see, see the things they hear, and interact with the people around them. Infants take delight in the sounds of language when we sing to them, play peek-a-boo, and encourage them to "talk" by mimicking the sounds they make. Toddlers develop skills by trying things over and over again, so they need opportunities to talk, "write" (scribble), and "read" (holding books, turning the pages). Picture books and those that play with the sounds and rhythm of language are great for this age group. Toddlers can identify pictures; name objects; and request favorite books, videos, and activities--mastering more and more language with each repetition. Toddlers will try to imitate adults, so giving them the things they need to copy us when we read, write, or speak can be an effective way to encourage literacy (e.g., providing a crayon and paper so they can "write" their own grocery list or letting them talk on a toy phone). Preschoolers ask questions and use their imaginations to explore answers. They are ready for books that explore social issues, solve problems, take them on adventures, and provide information. They are also eager to write, both by scribbling and by copying the letters of familiar words. They can dictate stories, learn the words to simple songs, and talk about what they see on television. At this stage, children begin to understand cause and effect, so they can retell events or stories in proper sequence and their conversations contain longer, more complete sentences. Preschoolers also like being recognized for helping, so assigning them simple tasks that involve literacy (such as choosing an activity by placing their name tag on a play area chart) gives them a sense of accomplishment as well as practice. Tips to Enhance Children's Experiences with Language and Literacy You might be surprised at how much you can do to help children learn to read, write, and speak and how fun and easy it can be! Caregivers can be children's first and most important teachers, and they look to you as a role model. So, let them see you read and write, even if it is just part of simple, day-to-day tasks like making a shopping list, reading a recipe, or checking the TV schedule. You can also use everyday routines to give children chances to practice language skills. Here's how: Talk with children. At the dinner table, in the car, or on a trip to the store, the more chances you give children to have conversations, the more they develop language. You can even chat with babies by playing games like "peek-a-boo" or imitating their babbling and letting them imitate you. Sing. Whether it is a lullaby at bedtime, a nursery rhyme, or singing along with the radio, singing is a fun way for children to learn new words as well as the rhythm and sound of language. Tell or read stories every day. Bedtime works well, but any time that fits your routine is fine. Don't be concerned if children want you to read the same book over and over again. This can get tiring for you, but repetition really helps them understand and enjoy the stories. When you can't read a book (e.g., while you are driving or cooking), try making up stories together. Talk about what children are watching on television. Answer questions, invite them to comment, ask them what they think about what they have seen, and listen to their answers. Extend the learning by reading books that address children's questions or reinforce a show's lesson. Write stories together. Let children tell you about their experiences. Write down what they say to make their own "book." Also encourage children to write for themselves by encouraging scribbling, the first step in learning how to write. Make a book of their writing or drawings. Hunt for letters and simple words around your home and neighborhood. Pick a letter and let children find examples of the letter on food packages, clothing labels, mail, or other objects. Point out and read signs in your neighborhood. Label a room, bed, or drawers with their name. When you log on to the computer, let children help you type in your screen name and show them how words guide what you click on. Visit your local library. To make sure that you always have books around for children to read, make a visit to the library part of your routine. Adapted from the "Learn and Grow with Sesame Workshop: From Language to Literacy" guide. For further recommendations on how to take children from language to literacy, please contact your local PBS station to see if they conduct Ready To Learn workshops.

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